What is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther to the female stigma called?

The act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther to the female stigma is known as pollination. This process is essential for the reproduction of flowering plants, as it allows for fertilization to occur once the pollen reaches the stigma, enabling the male gametes to merge with the female ovules. Pollination can happen through various means, including wind, water, and pollinators like bees, which play a crucial role in this transfer by visiting flowers.

Fertilization, while a related concept, occurs after pollination and involves the actual union of male and female gametes. Germination refers to the process where a seed develops into a new plant, following fertilization. Propagation is a broader term that encompasses various methods of plant reproduction, including sexual (through seeds) and asexual methods (such as cuttings). Understanding the distinction between these terms is key to grasping the reproductive cycle of plants and the importance of pollination in producing fruits and seeds.