Which of the following factors can enhance soil fertility?

Enhancing soil fertility is crucial for the productivity and sustainability of agricultural systems. Practices that promote microbial life play a vital role in this process. Healthy soil ecosystems with a diverse and active microbial community can improve nutrient cycling, enhance soil structure, and increase the availability of essential nutrients to plants. Beneficial microbes help decompose organic matter, convert nutrients into forms that plants can uptake, and contribute to disease suppression.

In contrast, practices such as overuse of chemical fertilizers tend to disrupt the natural microbial ecosystem in soil, potentially leading to nutrient imbalances and soil degradation. Ignoring crop rotation can deplete specific soil nutrients and increase pest pressures, while minimal use of organic matter denies the soil of essential organic inputs that support microbial activity. Therefore, fostering microbial life is a fundamental practice in enhancing soil fertility sustainably and effectively.